Spotting Trouble: How to Tell If a Mole Needs Attention

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Moles, also known as nevi, are common skin growths that vary in color from brown to black and are typically small, round, or oval. While most moles are harmless and remain unchanged throughout life, it's essential to understand when a mole could indicate a more serious concern, like skin cancer.

What Are Moles and Why Do They Form?

Moles develop when melanocytes—cells responsible for producing skin pigment—cluster together rather than spread evenly across the skin. They can be flat or raised, smooth or rough, and appear as a single spot or in groups. Most moles emerge by age 20 and generally remain for about 50 years before possibly fading on their own. It's normal for adults to have between 10 and 40 moles on their skin.

Types of Moles That May Require Attention

While most moles are harmless, certain types have a higher likelihood of becoming cancerous. These include:

Congenital Nevi: Moles that are present at birth. The larger the size, the greater the risk of developing into skin cancer later in life.
Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevi: These irregularly shaped moles tend to be larger than average and often have darker centers with lighter, uneven borders. They carry a higher-than-average risk for skin cancer.
Higher Mole Count: Having 50 or more moles increases the likelihood of developing skin cancer.

Spotting the Warning Signs

Changes in a mole’s size, shape, color, or texture may indicate a problem. If you notice that a mole has become itchy, scaly, painful, or starts to bleed, it’s time to seek a professional opinion. Regular self-examinations can be beneficial—take a few minutes each month to check your entire body, including areas not typically exposed to the sun, like the scalp, armpits, and soles of your feet.

The ABCDEs of Mole Monitoring

To help with self-examinations, the American Academy of Dermatology recommends the “ABCDE” method:

A – Asymmetry: If one half of the mole does not match the other half in size, shape, or color.
B – Border: Look for moles with uneven or blurred edges.
C – Color: A mole with multiple colors or an uneven distribution of color should be assessed.
D – Diameter: Any mole larger than one-quarter inch (about the size of a pencil eraser) could be concerning.
E – Elevation: A mole that changes height, becomes raised, or has an unusual texture warrants a check.

When to Seek Medical Evaluation

If any of these criteria apply to a mole, it’s wise to schedule an appointment with a dermatologist at Derm Associates. Our specialists may perform a biopsy to determine if a mole is benign or cancerous and, if necessary, can surgically remove it.

Conclusion

Monitoring moles can play an essential role in skin health and early cancer detection. By staying aware of the ABCDEs and scheduling regular check-ups, you’re taking proactive steps toward maintaining healthy skin.